7/11/23: Social learning theory-Social explanation

 Social learning theory and criminal behaviour:

• An individual  cannot learn offending behaviour via SLT without first observing someone commit a crime 
• The individual must be motivated to reproduce the observed behaviour- vicarious reinforcement 
• if an Individual witness a crime a receives minimal reposition they are more likely to commit crime themselves

tell a story of 15 year old John: 

use SLT to explain what happened to John that resulted in him committing a number of criminal acts.

you must include all elements of SLT 

You cannot use social learning theory terminology make it a story. 

Once upon a time in a far far far away land there on a 15 year old boy Ant, one day he's out playing with his friends in the village square when is friend Simon skulked over to the bakery and stole on loaf of fine bread ant watch closely. The group cheered when Simon return, they treat Simon like a king for the rest of the day, Ant wanted this glory for himself. so the next day when the group was in the square Ant crept over the to glistening loafs but to day the baker was extra vigilant after the perilous day antics and court him red handed. Ant need up being accused of both robery and had to pay a 100 shilling fined. NO one wanted to be his friend no more 

Evaluation: social learning theory:

• There could be other factors such as genetic 
• Doesn't explain other crimes E.g disterding the peaces 
• Banduras study of the bobo doll is supporting evidences

Cognitive Interview:

Geiselmen et al (1985)

1: memory of an event is based on a number of associations and therefore there will be several means by which a memory can be cued.

2: retrieval from memory will be more effective if at the retrieval the context surrounding the original events can be reinstated.

4 Stages: 

1: report everything- report every detail you can even if they seem irrelevant or trivial

2: reinstate the context- recall the scene, the weather, what you were thinking and feeling. This is related to context dependent forgetting 

3: Reverse the order- Describe the event in reverse order 

4: Change perspective- describe the event as it would have been seen from a different viewpoint. This should prevent..

Enhanced interviewing techniques:

• More attention. paid to the interaction between interviews and interview.
• Maintain eye contact, reducing distraction, asking opened questions, getting the witness to speak slowly rather than rushing through their account. 

Holliday(2003) Found Cl were more effective than standard interviews when interviewing children. 

A positive and helpful attitude whiles implementing the Cl technique may make people comfortable to give information- as opposed to feeing intimidated by more forceful techniques. 

Ethics in interviews:

• Preparation and planning- identifying key objectives of the interview
• Engage and explain- active listening to promote rapport.
• account, clarification, challenge- using open end questions to elicit information.
• Closure- Giving the suspect chance to ask any questions.
• Evaluate- Reflecting on the interview performance

Exam Question:

Kylie witnessed a crime, The police carried out a cognitive interview to gather as mush information as possible.

To what extent would the cognitive interview be effective at gathing information

you must make reference in your answer. (16 marks)

A cognitive interview is a technique that can be used to interview eyewitnesses/victims by the the police by using retrieval techniques. A CI has four stages: report everything, reinstate the context, Reverse the order and Change perspective  this allows the police to collect large amount of accurate details because by no missing any details it allows you to retrieve other information that may have been forgotten.