Psychology

What is schizophrenia ? schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition In men, the condition usually being between 15 and 30 years and in women occurs later 25 and 30 years. the brain works different to other people, this effects thoughts, emotion and behaviour  There is no cause of schizophrenia, most believe that is a combination of genetic and environment symptom are complex often confused with other disorders. schizophrenia is the most well known psychotic disorder in most country, occurs in 1% of 18+ Approx 20% of those diagnosed with schizophrenia respond well to treatment.  Positive are passed the norm e.g. delusions, hallucinations, behaviour, disorganised speech  Delusions: unshakeable belief in something unlikely  Hallucinations: Usually take on the form of hearing voices that aren't there  Behaviour: catatonic or disorganised behaviour  Disorganised speech: often ...

1: Identify the sampling technique used by brie in her experiment. (1 mark) Brie has used opportunity sampling in her experiment. Brie used an opportunity sample as she used people who were available in the refectory that lunch time. *must relate the scenario!* 2: Draw a suitable graph to represent the results shown in table 2 Bar chart a bar chat to show... label both the axis  accurate scale/plotting  3: Discuss Pete's behaviour using explanations from social psychology. you make  reference to the context in your answer.  social learning theory may have influenced Petes behaviour as he grow up this my be due to watching friends actions and the rewards they got. Pete my have wanted this vilcroics reinforcement for his self. Be punished for poor behaviour at a young age , Pete my have been labelled.  Labelling theory say that when a person is labelled they will live...

CBT: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy  Treating offenders aims to identify problem b ehaviour and the root cause of such behaviour. The extent the treatment may differ depending on the severity of the offence and the risk of future offending. Offence related treatment is classified into three distinct areas: your thoughts  your behaviours  your emotion  Is to challenge the negative thoughts and replace them with constructive positive thinking that will lead to healthy behaviours. People are often unaware that they are subject to cognitive errors, or that there are problems with their thinking. The therapist will try to make these maladaptive thoughts conscious, and that there is no basic for these thoughts. In theory, this should cause the problem to disappear.  Strengths: Has been shown to be effective for wide variety of mental illness  it is the predominant method of therapy provided by the NH...

If a person visited two different psychiatrists, they might receive two different diagnoses of their medical condition.     Assess the reliability of mental disorder diagnosis using research evidence. (8) Reliability  is  based on the consistency of results found, more that one of the same results show that they are reliable. This apiles when diagnosing mental heath issues if a person go to see two psychiatrist and gets difference diagnosis this means that neither diagnosis is  reliable. Also if a clinician gives one diagnosis for one person presenting with a set of symptoms and another with difference symptoms and get the same diagnosis this show unreliability and a lack of validity. There are two diagnosis systems used in the world the ICD and DSM. there are distinct differences in these as the diagnosis depends on which system is used, therefore reducing the reliability of diagnosis. There has been found to be only 68% ...

 Exam Preparation Tom is busy with his schoolwork and revision. He is told by his teacher, Mrs smith, to make sure he turns up to lessons early so that he can run errands her. Mrs smith orders tom to do her photocopying and help prepare the classroom for her lesson.  1: using agency theory, Explain why tom might have obeyed mrs smiths orders even though he was busy (4 marks)  In this situation Mrs smiths is an authority figure due to this tom feels he needs to obey her instructions. Tom is in an agent state that mean he will follow rules, he is kept in the agent state due to binding factors. This means tom doesn't feel he is responsible for his actions so if is questioned on why he hasn't completed work by other st aff, he can pass the blame to Mrs Smiths.  4/4 Emma was driving to work and stopped at a set of lights. A police officer opened her car door and demanded that she gets out so that he could use her car. 1: From yo...

  These are psychological models constructed to helps us understand what influenced criminals behaviour, to inform the courts or other authorities about all the possible factors that should be taken into account when considering the future of the offender. There is not one fixed way of creating these formulations, although the BPS have guidance on this to reduce variability. health and care professions council: regulator that Make sure that standard are being met by professional bodies. Psychological formulation stages: 1) Offence analysis- in an insight into the offenders motivation and what caused them to commit the crime. 2) Understanding the function of offending- What purpose did the offender serve? 3) Application to treatment- How can treatment reduce risk of re-offending? How likely is the offender to stick to the treatment programme? Example: mr c committed 20 robbery and violence and a pattern of rape from age 12 many as part of the...

 Health and care professionals councile: Clinical psychologists:  treat people with mental and physical health problems including anxiety, addiction, depression and learning difficulties. the standers of conduct: promote and protect the interests of service and cares respecting confidentiality take all reasonable step to reduce risk of harm being open when things go wrong being honest and trustworthy keeping records of their work  This would be put in place when a psychologist is using CBT-E to treat someone with anorexia nervosa this would be done be keeping unto date notes, working to reduce they risk of harm and respecting they confidentiality. Mundra is a clinical psychologist. she has to abide by the HCPC guidelines when she works with patients  a) state one guideline from the HCPC  Act in the best interests of the service users b) Describe how Mundra would use one from guideline from the HCPC in her practice. ...

CBT-E: non-biological Enhanced  cognitive behavioural therapy work with a psychologist to consider the benefits and drawbacks of gaining weight  treatment session over 20 weeks once they have chosen to gain weight then they are supported  more effective than other treatments 45% drop out rate 65% success rate  Anti-depressants: reduces anxiety  tackle co-morbidities by reducing the re-uptake of serotonin, They work by increasing neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap.  can't be used as the only treatment they treat the symptoms not the causes Anti-psychotics: Reduce dopamine activity which is abnormally high in anorexics. Counter reduced appetite caused by a disruption dopamine system  counter distorted cognitions similar to schizophrenia delusions e.g. fatness.

Describe one ono-biological theory/explanation of a disorder other then schizophrenia.(6) A non-biological explanation for Anorexia is  social learning theory , this can be an explanation for anorexia because it shows how we learn from our environment. SLT happens when a behaviour is observed replicated and repeated. This can be applied to anorexia because a person may be raised for they looks and diet even thought it is unhealthy, if a person feel they don't fit that image they may replicate the behaviour. If they receive vicarious reinforcement in the form of praise/compliments  they are more likely to repeat the behaviour. 3/6 marks Feedback must include: Opperant conditioning  classical conditioning Explain two strengths of one non-biological theory explanation of a disorder other than schizophrenia. Becker(2003) Westen tv in Fiji/ the role models on tv effecting  peoples body image.  uses to regulate media standards  Ezra 11/09/23 Asse...

  Social learning theory and criminal behaviour: An individual  cannot learn offending behaviour via SLT without first observing someone commit a crime  The individual must be motivated to reproduce the observed behaviour-  vicarious reinforcement   if an Individual witness a crime a receives minimal reposition they are more likely to commit crime themselves tell a story of 15 year old John:  use SLT to explain what happened to John that resulted in him committing a number of criminal acts. you must include all elements of SLT  You cannot use social learning theory terminology make it a story.  Once upon a time in a far far far away land there on a 15 year old boy Ant, one day he's out playing with his friends in the village square when is friend Simon skulked over to the bakery and stole on loaf of fine bread ant watch closely. The group cheered wh...